Parents unknown.

Speculation that the parents were Pierre Martin and Catherine Vigneau, but dates don't match.

Steven White's notes in DGFA:

On page 1129 of his Dictionnaire, Stephen White reproduces a note by his
predecessor at the Université de Moncton's Centre d'Études acadiennes,
Patrice Gallant, and then adds his own note. Bob Landry's translations of
those notes:

"Note by P. Gallant
In connection with the capitulation of Port-Royal on August 16, 1654, there
appears the signature of Robert Martin. Nothing indicates that he was the
brother of (the) Pierre who was married to Catherine Vigneau and (/or) the
father of Barnabé who married Jeanne Pelletret, as many authors have
suggested."

"Note by S.A. White
As the signature of Robert Martin in 1654 was among those of the English, it
is improbable that he was French (See Société historique acadienne, vol XV,
1984, pp. 119-121. See also C.J. d'Entremont, "Les pionniers des Martin
d'Acadie: Pierre et Barnabé", Entre nous, les Martin, vol VII, 1988, pp.
153-154.)"